What Does Cancer Mutations Affect Signal Pathways

Cancer Mutations Affect Signal Pathways Oncogenic transformations can make the influenced qualities be overexpressed or deliver changed proteins whose movement is dysregulated. Then again, cancellations and different changes can inactivate negative controllers that regularly work as tumor silencer. Numerous tumor silencers work as negative controllers of cytoplasmic motioning for instance, the adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC) is a negative controller of the Wnt pathway, and the lipid phosphatase PTEN is negative controller of the P13K-Akt pathway. Authoritative of receptor tyrosine kinases to the suitable ligand causes redesign of the receptors and autophosphorylation of tyrosines in the intracellular part of the particles.†¦show more content†¦Advance downstream, changes in the tumor silencers TSC1 and TSC2 hyper initiate motioning by mTORC1 (Laplante and Sabatini 2012). This is a critical focus of P13K-Aktsignaling. Additionally, the Ras-ERK pathway is enacted by transformations in Ras, or its downstream target Raf, that reason constitutive initiation of these proteins or by inactivation of GTPase-actuating proteins (Holes, for example, NF1, that empower the hydrolysis of GTP bound to Ras, which prompt its inactivation (Cichowski,2001). The interpretation factor Myc is an essential downstream focus of Ras-ERK flagging and numerous different pathways. It is much of the time opened up or overexpressed in malignancy; strangely, Myc can tie to promoter areas of qualities as well as upgrade transcriptional extension of polymerase II, in this manner expanding its belongings past qualities with Myc-restricting destinations in their promoters. Myc can fill in as an all inclusive intensifier of communicated qualities as opposed to simply authoritative to promoters and starting interpretation (Sever and Brugge, 2015). Development factor and cytokine flagging can impact the improvement of a few malignancy sorts. One of the key players in the improvement of tumor is Janus kinas (JAK) flagShow MoreRelatedCancer : A Common Misconception About Cancer5956 Words   |  24 Pagesâ€Æ' INTRODUCTION What is Cancer? A common misconception about cancer is that it is a relatively new disease. Cancer, like many diseases have been prevalent in the populations of many species, not just humans, for millennia. In fact it was a Roman doctor who translated the Greek word â€Å"carcinos† into â€Å"cancer†, a Latin word meaning â€Å"crab†. The reason why cancer is referred to as a crab is because a cancer â€Å"adheres to any part that it seizes upon in an obstinate manner like a crab† (Ramzi S. Cotran etRead MoreWerner Syndrome : Disease Overview1656 Words   |  7 Pageswhich a mutation occurs on the Werner Syndrome RecQ Like Helicase (WRN) gene (Online https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/werner-syndrome accessed 30 October, 2016). There prevalence of this disease in less than 10/1,000,000, with higher occurrence among the Japanese population with a frequency of 1/50,000 (Ishikawa et al. 2000). The WRN gene is involved in DNA metabolic pathways such as DNA repair and als o displays an important interaction with telomeres and the p53 protein. Thus, the mutation forRead MoreRadiation Therapy And Its Effects On Cancer1783 Words   |  8 Pages Along with or in place of chemotherapy, patients may need to receive radiation treatments to successfully rid themselves of cancer. The National Cancer Institute explains that radiation therapy, also called radiotherapy, â€Å"uses high-energy radiation to shrink tumors and kill cancer cells.† The Institute also describes the different forms of radiation used, including gamma rays, x-rays, or other beams of charged particles (â€Å"Radiation†). Like chemotherapy, the goal of radiotherapy is to damage theRead MoreTraditional and modern approaches to cancer therapy all act by exploiting some molecular1900 Words   |  8 Pagesmodern approaches to cancer therapy all act by exploiting some molecular abnormality that distinguishes cancer cells from healthy living cells. Cancer cells often acquire defects in the cell-cycle control systems that normally respond to DNA damage by activating apoptosis (programmed cell death) hence cancerous cells continue to grow and multiply d espite containing faulty DNA, making them genetically unstable. Genetic instability may refer to any combination of genome mutations that cause irregularitiesRead MoreUv Radiation And Its Effects1895 Words   |  8 PagesUV radiation, such as that from the sun can be very harmful. It has been shown to cause many different mutations within cells, leading to issues for the organism such as death or disease. One of the most prevalent sources of UV radiation for humans is the sun. It’s very important for us to know the extent of cellular damage that can be caused by this radiation, as to know how harmful the sun’s rays are to us as humans. One way that the damage caused by the suns radiation can be tested is throughRead MoreSkin Cancer1966 Words   |  8 Pagesnice, dark tan, however, they dont know the dangers entailed Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in the United States. It is the abnormal growth of cells in the skin. There are two different types of skin cancers: Melanomas and non-melanomas. Most skin cancers are the non-melanoma type. There are two main types of non-melanoma skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Most non-melanoma skin cancers are basal cell carcinoma. It can damage deeper tissues, such as musclesRead MoreSpecific Aim 2: To Determine If Gleevec Is Effective In1404 Words   |  6 Pagesyellow (Almuhaideb et al., 2011). This process will enable us to see the site of any metastatic cancer in any of the mice and provide a rough quantitative estimate of the metastasis that could form. Abl is known to mutate its kinase domain so that Gleevec cannot effectively inhibit it and cellular proliferation (Lovera et al., 2015). A western blot will be run to determine the extent this mutation will affect our experiment at the beginning and 4 months into our experiment. Some tumors from all threeRead MoreA Research On The Myeloid Leukemia4925 Words   |  20 Pagesand friends affected by blood cancers, and I am interested in better understanding the mechanisms of this disease. Advertisement/Pitch: Picture yourself at a check-up appointment with your oncologist. You are told the chemotherapy is not responding. You feel weaker each day. You cannot see straight, you feel dizzy, and you pray that you will find a match for a bone marrow transplant. This is the reality that AML patients face. AML poses the greatest risk to cancer survivors who develop this diseaseRead MoreChapter 13 Review9122 Words   |  37 Pagesof variations in the animals condition. What do we call this type of gene? constitutive gene 11 Liver cells, mammary cells, and skin cells all contain the same genome; however, their respective proteomes vary drastically. This observation is best explained by what phenomenon? cell differentiation 12 Which of the following are points of control for gene expression in eukaryotes? all choices correct 13 What type of regulatory transcription factorRead MoreAccording to Inderjeet Dokal there are currently 13 known variations of genes that cause FA and2400 Words   |  10 PagesFANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ, FANCL, FANCM, and FANCN† (Dokal, 2008). Dokal and many other doctors agree that FA is a very penetrant genetic disorder. That is, all of these subtypes of the FA gene can cause many of the different types of cancer and bone marrow deficiencies that are associated with FA. For example, in the list given by Dokal, the subtype FANCA is known to express as a gene that controls certain aspects of protein coding. This one genetic subtype causes breakdowns in the various

Where Is the Diversity in America Today Free Essays

The dream of a diverse America has to be one of the most fundamental philosophies on which our country has been built. From the first group of pilgrims that landed at Plymouth Rock, to the thousands that immigrate to America every year, they all still believe in the same dream that the pilgrims had when they came to America. The Dream that no matter what their racial, religious, or social background and beliefs are they can find wealth and happiness in America. We will write a custom essay sample on Where Is the Diversity in America Today or any similar topic only for you Order Now This philosophy was so important that our Founding Fathers had to mention it in the Constitution. Yet nearly two and half centuries later where is that diversity in America today? It seems that even with the population of America at over 300 million today we are still like the first groups of Pilgrims, content to stay within our own little groups. As a conscious America we talk a good game, however when we go home at night our subconscious takes over, and we retreat into that comfort zone within our group. American’s should admit that they really don’t care about anyone else except themselves. They should stop pretending that they do, unless they can actually live by the example that our conscious mind has us profess. According to the 2000 Census report the composite of races in America today are basically 75% White, 12. 3% Black, 12. 5% Hispanic or Latino, with Native Americans and other races making up the rest of our population. One can see from these numbers that it would be very easy to segregate into racial groups and to live within one group. The Columbia Encyclopedia’s unsigned essay on race which happens to be titled Race points out how we classify groups strictly by our physical characteristics and even argues that the term race is an inappropriate term; Race says that many physical anthropologists believe: â€Å"The term race is inappropriate when applied to national, religious, geographic, linguistic or ethnic groups, nor can the biological criteria of race be equated with any mental characteristics such as intelligence, personality, or character. (263). Still those social distinctions like living with your own race, having all your friends of the same race and background, and even maybe those who are only in the same tax bracket or educational level prevail in our society today, and is not only natural for people to gravitate towards a comfort zone that they find within themselves and their environment? The answer would have to be yes, this means certain social distinctions do in fact matter. There is Religion in America today, which may not be viewed as one of those important factors of our social make-up as it once was, but when we take a look at the population numbers which profess that Christians and of other religious beliefs are in the majority that make up Americans today; we do have to admit it does play an important role. Probably not as much as in Europe or in some other countries, but Religion is an important factor none the less. According to the U. S. Census Bureau we have an adult population of: approximately 207 million, approximately 159 million are Christians, approximately 8 million in other religions, and approximately 29 million who believe in something other than a specified religion. With this data we can see that the majority of America’s social make-up is indeed Christian. This provides the American culture with very specific views and customs. Since religion is one of those fundamental beliefs that founded our country it is easy to see how it becomes a major factor in determining how we act and live in our society today. The facts are that your social background can predetermine your future. David Brooks, a senior editor for The Weekly Standard and who publishes frequently in Atlantic Monthly, Newsweek, and The New York Times, says it best in one of his essays People Like Us, when he says: â€Å"Human beings are capable of drawing amazingly subtle social distinctions and then shaping their lives around them. (253). Truly we shape our lives based on our environment and our beliefs that are familiar to us and we are raised within. That is why people tend to stay with their own group based on the color of their skin, religious beliefs, and social background. We see it everyday in our conscious life, where we go to work, school, shop, or relax. All these are influenced by those subtle social distinctions that make up our lives. Bringing all of these facts together, we can only conclude that man is a driven being. One driven by his environment, and that just by the luck of the social economic environment they were born into predetermines for the most part where they will live, work, and also which religion they will choose to follow. We can almost go as far as to determine the tax bracket into which they will fall. So when is America going to wake and realize that the only way to find diversity is to come to some happy medium with our conscious and subconscious mind? Change that is not to dramatic, but change none the less, seems to be the only answer. How to cite Where Is the Diversity in America Today, Essay examples

Highlights Case Of Negligence And Possible â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Highlights Case Of Negligence And Possible? Answer: Introducation Negligence can be defined in the simplest forms as such a breach of the obligation of care owed by one person to some other person. This has to include the harm, loss or injury to the person to which the duty of care was owed due to the actions undertaken by the individual who owed a duty to care to such injured or harmed party (Greene, 2013). In order to make a case of negligence before a court of law, the plaintiff is required to show that there had been a duty of care owed to him, which had been violated, which caused harm/ loss/ injury, and was not only foreseeable in a reasonable manner but was also not too remote, in addition to the presence of proximity between the parties and a direct causation between the breached duty and the injury/ harm/ loss of the plaintiff (Statsky, 2011). For establishing duty of care, proximity, reasonable foreseeability and contravention of duty of care, the English case of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] UKHL 100 proves to be of help. In this case, Donoghue drank the ginger beer from the bottle which was manufactured by the defendant of this case, Stevenson. As a dead snail was present inside this bottle, the drink was contaminated and upon drinking the same, Donoghue fell sick and sued for compensation under tort of negligence committed by Stevenson. However, Stevenson denied owing a duty to Donoghue (Lunney and Oliphant, 2013). The court held otherwise and stated that a duty of care was owed by Stevenson due to the proximity of relationship between a consumer and the manufacturer of the product. Further, this risk of harm was reasonably foreseeable due to the fact that a contaminated bottle was bound to make the consumer sick. As the manufacturer failed to ensure the safety of thee ginger beer, he contravened his obligation of care a nd was asked to compensate Donoghue for her losses (Latimer, 2012). Whenever a case of negligence is made, a common defence which is cited is that of volenti non fit injuria. As per this concept, the plaintiff of the case, i.e., the person who has been injured as a result of the negligence of other knowingly takes the risk even when they are clearly aware of the fact that the risk of harm/ injury/ loss was present. When this defence is present, the claim of negligence is not upheld (Turner, 2013). In the case of ICI Ltd v Shatwell [1965] AC 656, the brother had been injured due to the explosion of the quarry of the defendant which was a result of the negligence of the brother. A worker had gone to get more wire yet they did not wait for him and tested with a shorter wire. When the explosion occurred, they made a claim against the defendant on the basis of concept of vicarious liability of the employer for negligence and also for violating the statutory duty to the other brother. However, the defendant raised the defence under volenti non fit injuria and presented that they had clear knowledge of risk and that they had acted against the express instructions given to them. The court upheld this defence and quashed the claims of the brothers (E-Law Resources, 2017). When it comes to such cases where driving under the influence of alcohol is involved, and where an accident is caused as a result of it, it is clear that such accidents occur due to the diminished ability of the driver. And this often gives rise to claims of negligence. However, the passengers also owe certain responsibility in such cases and where they wilfully accept ride from a drunk driver, their claim can be quashed due to the defence of volenti non fit injuria (Navin, 2016). An example of such occurrence is the case of Insurance Commissioner v Joyce [1948] HCA 17; (1948) 77 CLR 39. In this case, the passenger had clear knowledge that the driver was under the influence of alcohol and had been inebriated as a result of drinking. And still, the passenger took the ride from the plaintiff voluntarily, without any pressure. Hence, the High Court ruled in favour of the defendant and stated that negligence cannot be claimed by the plaintiff as they voluntarily assumed the risk of harm (Jade, 2017). Application The facts of this case study reveal that Michelle was under the influence of alcohol and Rebecca clearly knew this as they had consumed the wine at the concert together. Rebecca can make a claim of negligence against Michelle for driving under influence of alcohol on the basis of Donoghue v Stevenson and claim that a duty of care was owed by Michelle as driving under alcohol influence is bound to cause an accident and is reasonably foreseeable. Further, the driver and passenger do have proximity of relationship and Rebecca was also injured. However, the chances of this claim being deemed as a success are less. This is due to the fact that Michelle can opt for the defence of volenti non fit injuria. Applying ICI Ltd v Shatwell, Rebecca had voluntarily assumed the risk so her claim of negligence against Michelle would be cancelled. Applying Insurance Commissioner v Joyce, this point is strengthened as she had voluntarily assumed the ride from Michelle. Even though she raised her voice later on, but that was only when Michelle drove riskily, but till then, she had already assumed the risk. Hence, her claim of negligence against Michelle is not likely to be upheld. Conclusion Due to the success of volenti non fit injuria, Rebeccas claim against Michelle would fail and Michelle would not have to compensate her for negligence. References E-Law Resources. (2017) Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd v Shatwell [1965] AC 656 House of Lords. [Online] E-Law Resources. Available from: https://www.e-lawresources.co.uk/Imperial-Chemical-Industries-Ltd-v-Shatwell.php [Accessed on: 13/09/17] Greene, B. (2013) Course Notes: Tort Law. Oxon: Routledge. Jade. (2017) Insurance Commissioner v Joyce. [Online] Jade. Available from: https://jade.io/article/64545 [Accessed on: 13/09/17] Latimer, P. (2012) Australian Business Law 2012. 31st ed. Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Lunney, M., and Oliphant, K. (2013) Tort Law: Text and Materials. 5th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Navin, M. (2016) Values and Vaccine Refusal: Hard Questions in Ethics, Epistemology, and Health Care. Oxon: Routledge. Statsky, W.P. (2011) Essentials of Torts. 3rd ed. New York: Cengage Learning. Turner, C. (2013) Unlocking Torts. 3rd ed. Oxon: Routledge.

Pornography and Ethics

Table of Contents Introduction Definition of pornography Ethical aspect of pornography Unethical aspect of Pornography Independent perspectives Conclusion References Introduction The modern society is saturated with many sexual images such shirtless male athletes and barely clothed females in advertisement and movies. In addition, nudity or soft-core pornography and explicit sex scenes or hardcore pornography shown in public televisions and over the internet are becoming more and more acceptable into the society.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Pornography and Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This raises two questions; the effect of living in a society saturated with sexual images and existence of morals in modern society. Historically, sexual images served the purpose of worshipping gods, adorning pottery and criticizing the political elites. Thus, sexual images were imbedded in the religious , legal and moral context i.e. sexuality was never thought of as a separate sphere of life. However, in modern this perspective has ceased to exist. Sex is considered a form of advanced calisthenics i.e. an act whereby two people come together without consideration of its physical context. The set of all modern sexual images constitute pornography because they serve no intended purpose other than gratification. However, this is notion is pornography is partially accurate as it give a vague correlation between sexual images and pornography. This paper is going to assess the extent to what extent is the definition of pornography qualified to be used, and if pornography is ethical in modern society. Definition of pornography Ethics examines the basic concepts of values. This is because, values shape what individuals define as wrong or right, moral or immoral, fair or unfair, good or bad etc. In more general terms, ethics is focused on inventing or studying systems that individuals may refer to when addressing ‘what is good’ (Beauchamp, 2002).Advertising Looking for research paper on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ethics also seeks to provide answers on how a person ought to be living or carrying out his duties. As consequence, it is an important and complex component that should be integrated in law, religion and the society in general as a base for definition of morals or standards. Thus, everybody in one way or another should understand and practice ethic to morally upright (Beauchamp, 2002). Pornography can be defined as materials that portray erotic content, or the set of all obscene materials, which are intended to cause sexual arousal. These materials can be in the form of literature, pictures and videos. However, this definition is ambiguous. This is because the concept sexual arousal and the definition of obscenity or erotic materials are relative terms i.e. they depend on an i ndividual or the social context under which they appear or exist. Moreover, this definition fails to answer a simple question; how much content must be there for a material to be classified as obscene or erotic? Can it be a single image, a whole video clip or suggestive dialogue? Under the umbrella of ethics, Pornography is can be redefined as a struggle or fight that describes an argument, not a thing, about erotic representation. For example, if a group of persons decided that an erotic representation is beautiful, then it is likely to be considered a creative artwork. Thus, pornography in such a contest and a struggle between those who attempt to create erotic material and those who attempt to suppress it, or a contest between allowing or denying an individual the right to display explicitly sexuality (Strossen, 2000). However, this struggle is not uniform globally and is dependent on the social values of a given locality. For instance, walking in bikini is normal in some places and others it is considered obscene. Ethical aspect of pornography The pornography, a subsector of the entertainment industry, is the most profitable sector to venture in. So far, it is the richest industry with an unexplainable exponential growth rate. As at 2007, this industry was recorded to have generated a total revenue of $57 billion worldwide, with the top four most selling erotic material being in the form of adult videos, escort videos, magazines and sex clubs respectively.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Pornography and Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This revenue was much greater than the total combination of revenues received from professional football, baseball, and basketball franchise (Family safe media, 2011). Egoism and Welfarism perspectives of ethics justify the ethical nature of pornography. In this view, the humongous revenue arising from pornography suggests that the indust ry is a major form of lucrative employment to the actors, website mangers, movie directors and other direct or indirect participants. Moreover, it is the shortest route to becoming famous and it assists the government in earning revenue. Therefore, this industry is a means of obtaining income is legally, and is more acceptable than begging or stealing. Moreover, it does not require sophisticated training or advanced degrees to venture in or to be successful (Strossen, 2000). Thus, the industry serves the interests of the participants and is therefore ethical. Pornography is the new adopted tool for advertising. This is because of the psychological association that potential consumers have attached to sexuality. Men are visual creatures while women like attention. Thus, images of beautiful, naked or barely dressed women attached in advertisement attract men and give the product an association beauty. On the other hand, women would watch the adverts in order to ascertain what makes im ages gain that much attention. Overall, the objective of the product advertisement is achieved (Attwooll Brockmà ¶ller, 2001). Leisure is the outcome of an experience or activity i.e. the feeling of satisfaction. Pornography viewing is a form of entertainment and leisure activity that many modern people have adopted. Nowadays, it is very common to find people over the weekend sitting and relaxing just watching erotic materials over the internet or on DVD.Advertising Looking for research paper on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To such individuals, it is source of pleasure, satisfaction, and to group viewers, it is means of bonding together (Strossen, 2000). Thus under the hedonistic utilitarianism, which requires that people should maximizes all the avenues of pleasure in the short life span for an individual’s own good, seeking pleasure through pornography is ethical (Tà ¤nnsjà ¶, 2008). The hidden nature of sexuality has for a long time forbidden parents from talking about sex to their children. Children left with option of learning about sex from schools, which do not effectively teach about sex. However, the most hilarious TV commercials and soap operas, watched by children and adults, openly display pornographic materials. Actors discuss morality, act getting pregnant and extramarital affairs, and above all, they have scenes that portray sexuality as a process whereby two people meet fall in love or not but eventually fall to bed. This begs the question of appropriateness of the audience. Th us, existence of pornographic materials has transformed sex education. Parents are coerced to openly speak about sex to their children, least they may regret what their children may become. Unethical aspect of Pornography In religious perspective, human body is compared with temple of god and sex is considered a religious form of intimacy and hence sacred. Also, sex is considered a divine gift that gives human beings the divine power of co-creation. Thus , it should be done by only married couples in a dignified manner, for the purpose of procreation. Thus pornography demoralizes sex by addressing with casualness and in a careless manner. The slow and gradual introduction of pervert principles makes those perceived to be lesser evils acceptable. Pornography operates in a similar manner, and through it sexually explicit contents have become widespread acceptable (Tà ¤nnsjà ¶, 2008). Thus, it encourages acceptance of sexual perversion and adultery which are considered sin before god . In most instances, people who come into constant with despicable images are prone sexual acts such as to premarital sex, sodomy, lesbianism and sex outside marriage, which are condemned in the holy books such as the Bible and Quran. â€Å"Consequentialists† argue that morals attached to action are subject to the outcome. The outcomes associated with addiction to, prolonged or continuous consumption pornographic content has very negative repercussions (Tà ¤nnsjà ¶, 2008). For instance, it leads to building up of tolerance towards plain sex. As consequence, an individual is tempted â€Å"to explore more deviant forms of sexuality† such as fetishism, and â€Å"paraphilias†. Moreover, the hype portrayed by porn stars can lead frigidity and sexual dysfunction, which are detrimental to marriages, and are major contributors of divorce, promiscuity and clandestine relationship within the marriage circle. This makes pornography unethical. Existence of Pornography con tent in work places, places the workplace at a risk that can attract legal liability, loss of production and loss of bandwidth. Firstly, pornography is addictive and may make employees less focused on work related issues hence becoming less productive. Secondly, Pornographic content can lead to arousal of employees and may encourage sexual harassment and intercourses at work places. Sexual harassment may attract legal liability. Lastly, transfer of pornographic materials over peer to peer networks consumes a lot of company’s connection bandwidth and this can cripple the networking services of an organization. Technology is becoming so cheap that it has made access to erotic content easy for children. Children who view pornographic materials act out the sexual fantasies that they see with other children and adults. This has significantly contributed to fornication and premarital sex, teenage pregnancy, venturing into prostitution at an early age, and contacting of sexually tra nsmitted diseases. Thus the outcome or consequence of having pornographic materials has negative effects on children and must be considered unethical (Tà ¤nnsjà ¶, 2008). Pornography supports the interests of few individual and therefore under the utilitarian approach, pornography is unethical.Feminists argue that pornography is has no entertaining value but rather a degradation of women. It promotes violence against women and also portrays them as weak and undeserving respect (Soble, 2006). Further, it promotes social vices and affects the attitudes of the user by endorsing rape myths, misogynist and negative attitudes towards women. They also view child pornography as immoral because it is a means of exploiting or abusing underdeveloped children for the sole purpose of making money. Moreover, they describe the audience as mentally incompetent or people with biological flaws, who other than protecting children enjoy their subordination (Soble, 2006). Independent perspectives It i s almost impossible to take a side over the concept of pornography. All actions in some way are justified by accompanied reasons. However, reasons that may justify a given action are not necessarily the motivating factors over the actions. Thus, the reasons given by different people as to why pornography is ethical or not, are not necessarily the same as their motivation for watching or not watching erotic materials. I find the argument against pornography more appealing in the sense that it is driven by reason rather than motivation. According to Kant, moral judgment is means of guiding behavior but it only expresses feelings and not facts. For instance, if a person derives pleasure from viewing erotic contents then it is moral (Tà ¤nnsjà ¶, 2008). However, this perspective cannot be used to justify pornography because feelings change frequently and without reason. This is unlike facts that are very difficult to change. Thus, ethical nature of pornography should be guided by fact s only, which strongly disapprove pornography. Hume argues that â€Å"actions are guided by faith and desires†. Thus the degree to which pornography is wrong or right depends on what the individual motivation or desires (Tà ¤nnsjà ¶, 2008). For example, religious persons oppose pornography because it is contrary to their faith. However, a porn actor or actress see the pornography as means of earning a living hence they would support it. Therefore, if an action is ethical and motivating then it considered right. The problem with this view is that faith and desires are relative and thus cannot be used to establish the ethical nature of pornography. Deontologists argue that it â€Å"is our duty to act morally at all times†. However, not all duties are absolute i.e. everything that is considered either moral or immoral have cases in which their rules are bent. Moreover, in reality morals and the associated theories do not provide all answers, and so every action must be guided by insight and proper judgment (Tà ¤nnsjà ¶, 2008). Therefore, Pornography is wrong based on its consequences or impacts. However, if watching or acting pornography can be justified if it is driven by positive motives (Attwooll Brockmà ¶ller, 2001). For example, a porn star that makes a living through acting erotic movies is justified to be involved in such an act. I strongly support the concept that â€Å"pornography is unethical†. This is because every individual is brought up under some societal values and norms for which engagement in pornography or with pornographic materials is not one of them. Pornography is a creation of the modern society, mainly as result of the hidden nature of sexuality, unemployment, and moral decadence. Although it exists it does not mean that people have to conform to it. Moreover, the amount of damage to the society resulting from pornography industry far outweighs the benefits i.e. very few stand to benefit heavily at the expense o f many people. The damages caused by pornography are real. Therefore pornography should be controlled- in terms of the quantity and access of the content- for the well being of the society at large. However, a total ban of pornography is barbaric and violation of an individual’s freedom to choice or freewill. Moreover, it may signal the end of livelihood of many who primarily depend on this industry. Conclusion The definition of pornography in an ethical context is ambiguous. This is because the boundaries to which an action or concept can be declared ethical are not clear. Thus any definition of pornography given, based on the type or quantity of the content, is subjective. The proponents of the pornography base most of their arguments based on egoism, freewill and motivation. Thus to them pornography is ethical as long as it addresses their own needs if comes at the expense of the society. They argue mainly on income, fame, business and education. On the other hand, the ant agonists of pornography justify their views on religious grounds, utilitarianism and consequentialism. According to them, pornography degrades the society and has detrimental effects in workplaces, marriages and above severely affects growth of children. References Attwooll, E. Brockmà ¶ller, A. (2001) Applied Ethics At The Turn Of The Millennium: Proceedings Of The 19th World Congress Of The International Association For Philosophy Of Law And Social Philosophy (IVR), New York, June 24-30, 1999 California: F. Steiner Beauchamp, P.T. (2002) Philosophical Ethics: An Introduction to Moral Philosophy. Illinois: McGraw-Hill College Family Safe Media (2010) Preserving Family Values in a Media Driven Society. From www.Familysafemedia.com. Accesses on October 29, 2011 Soble, A. (2006). Sex from Plato to Paglia: A Philosophical Encyclopedia. Ohio: Greenwood Strossen, N. (2000) Defending Pornography: Free Speech, Sex, and the Fight for Women’s Rights New York: New York University Tà ¤nnsjà ¶, T. (2008) Understanding Ethics: An Introduction to Moral Theory UK: Edinburgh University This research paper on Pornography and Ethics was written and submitted by user Hulkl1ng to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Linguistic and racial diversity Essay Example

Linguistic and racial diversity Essay Example Linguistic and racial diversity Essay Linguistic and racial diversity Essay Situated between Asia, Africa and Europe, the Middle East is a cultural and ethnic mosaic of linguistic and racial diversity. The region consists of a large number of ancient civilizations stretching back some 3000 years. During this time, people crossed the region through trade and invasion routes and brought with them a plethora of traditions, cultures and religion which still exist today. Middle eastern countries each have their own unique identity and culture, but also share many fundamental beliefs and traditions. The Middle Eastern region consists of Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. The region has a population of 200,000,000 with various dialects of Arabic and Persian. The region also speaks English as well as French in Lebanon. Religion  Three of the worlds major religions originated from the Middle East. These religions include Islam, Judaism and Christianity with the majority of the people in the region practicing Islam. Judaism and Christianity while minor to Islam are mainly practiced in Israel and Lebanon. In this region, Islam is a way of life and governs politics, moral values and various aspects of behavior such as how one should dress. Islam impacts the daily lives of people differently depending on what country they are in. Communication in this region is relatively indirect and relies on nonverbal cues and figurative forms of speech. Saving face and respecting an individuals honor are key drivers in the this indirect communication style and is prevalent throughout the Middle East. When communicating with individuals, a direct no should be avoided, and you should be prepared to interpret seemingly indefinite comments and gestures. Directly criticizing a Middle Eastern counterpart is considered impolite and brings shame to that persons honor. The Middle East region has been characterized by civil unrest and violence among ethnic and religious groups, with much of the region struggling with political turmoil and conflict among differing ideologies, progressive steps marked by peace treaties and international assistance have helped to stabilize parts of the Middle East. The written language, Arabic and Hebrew, is written right to left. The working week in the region tends to begin on Sunday and end on Thursday, with some countries beginning on Saturday and ending on Wednesday. Friday is the Muslim holy day and is considered part of the weekend. In Israel, the Sabbath is on Saturdays and many businesses will be closed. People in this region have a more flexible attitude towards time and do not always start or finish at the scheduled time. Punctuality will be expected of foreigners, although local nationals may not be as punctual. The region is predominantly Muslim and time must be allocated during the workday to allow for prayer, which may interrupt the daily business schedule. When Muslims are at prayer, they should not be interrupted. Individuals should remember that it is rude to eat or drink inform of Muslims during Ramadan due to fasting, do not use your left hand, particularly when eating, because it is considered unclean in parts of the Middle East. Individuals should never cross their legs, nor should they display the soles of the foot towards some. Orthodox Muslims do not eat pork, nor do they drink alcohol or discus female members of their family. India Overview   he official name of India is the Republic of India. India is a creative blend of cultures, religions, races and languages. The nations identity and social structure remain protected by a rich cultural heritage that dates back at least 5000 years, making India one of the oldest civilizations in the world. An understanding of the traditions and ways of communicating with others is vital to the success of any business organization. This forms the basis of Indias society. India has 21 official languages including Hindi, Urdu, Tamil, Bengali, Kashmiri as well as English.  Religion  Religion is a way of life in India, and must be respected in order to maintain successful business relationships. Although the traditional cast system has been eliminated, attitudes still remain and both aspects of Indian culture still influence the hierarchical structure of business practices in India today. The elimination of the cast system was a direct outcome of Hinduism. Fatalism is a concept that stems from one of the most characteristic traits of Indian culture, spirituality. The notion of karma and that everything happens for a reason is still significant in the decision making process of many Indians. It also influences the concept of time in India and as a consequence business negotiations may take longer and are never rushed. India has a greater acceptance of hierarchical settings, this is due to a strong sense of community and group defined orientation. This is a region where several generations often live together under one roof, creating a noticeable lack of privacy and a smaller concept of personal spa

Only the President Can Veto Bills

Only the President Can Veto Bills The U.S. Constitution grants the President of the United States the sole power to veto- say â€Å"No†- to bills passed by both houses of Congress. A vetoed bill can still become law if Congress overrides the president’s action by obtaining a supermajority vote of two-thirds of the members of both the House (290 votes) and the Senate (67 votes).    While the Constitution does not contain the phrase â€Å"presidential veto,† Article I requires that every bill, order, resolution or other act of legislation passed by the Congress must be presented to the president for his or her approval and signature before it officially becomes law. The presidential veto clearly illustrates the function of the system of â€Å"checks and balances† designed for the U.S government by the nation’s Founding Fathers. While the president, as head of the executive branch, can â€Å"check† to the power of the legislative branch by vetoing bills passed by Congress, the legislative branch can â€Å"balance† that power by overriding the president’s veto. The first presidential veto occurred on April 5, 1792, when President George Washington vetoed an apportionment bill that would have increased the membership of the House by providing for additional representatives for some states. The first successful congressional override of a presidential veto took place on March 3, 1845, when Congress overrode President John Tyler’s veto of a controversial spending bill.    Historically, Congress succeeds in overriding a presidential veto in less than 7% of its attempts.For example, in its 36 attempts to override vetoes issued by President George W. Bush, Congress succeeded only once. The Veto Process When a bill is passed by both the House and Senate, it is sent to the presidents desk for his signature. All bills and joint resolutions, except those proposing amendments to the Constitution, must be signed by the president before they become law. Amendments to the Constitution, which require a two-thirds vote of approval in each chamber, are sent directly to the states for ratification. When presented with legislation passed by both houses of Congress, the president is constitutionally required to act on it in one of four ways: sign it into law within the 10-day period prescribed in the Constitution, issue a regular veto, let the bill become law without his signature or issue a pocket veto. Regular Veto When Congress is in session, the president may, within the 10-day period, exercise a regular veto by sending the unsigned bill back to the chamber of Congress from which it originated along with a veto message stating his reasons for rejecting it. Currently, the president must veto the bill in its entirety. He may not veto individual provisions of the bill while approving others. Rejecting individual provisions of a bill is called a line-item veto. In 1996, Congress passed a law granting President Clinton the power to issue line-item vetoes, only to have the Supreme Court declare it unconstitutional in 1998. Bill Becomes Law Without Presidents Signature When Congress is not adjourned, and the president fails to either sign or veto a bill sent to him by the end of the 10-day period, it becomes law without his signature. The Pocket Veto When Congress is adjourned, the president can reject a bill by simply refusing to sign it. This action is known as a pocket veto, coming from the analogy of the president simply putting the bill in his pocket and forgetting about it. Unlike a regular veto, Congress has neither the opportunity or constitutional authority to override a pocket veto. How Congress Responds to a Veto When the President returns a bill to the chamber of Congress from which it came, along with his objections in the form of a veto message, that chamber is constitutionally required to reconsider the bill. The Constitution is silent, however, on the meaning of reconsideration. According to the Congressional Research Service, procedure and tradition govern the treatment of vetoed bills. On receipt of the vetoed bill, the Presidents veto message is read into the journal of the receiving house. After entering the message into the journal, the House of Representatives or the Senate complies with the constitutional requirement to reconsider by laying the measure on the table (essentially stopping further action on it), referring the bill to committee, postponing consideration to a certain day, or immediately voting on reconsideration (vote on override). Overriding a Veto Action by both the House and the Senate is required to override a presidential veto. A two-thirds, supermajority vote of the Members present is required to override a presidential veto. If one house fails to override a veto, the other house does not attempt to override, even if the votes are present to succeed. The House and Senate may attempt to override a veto anytime during the Congress in which the veto is issued. Should both houses of Congress successfully vote to override a presidential veto, the bill becomes law. According to the Congressional Research Service, from 1789 through 2004, only 106 of 1,484 regular presidential vetoes were overridden by Congress. The Veto Threat Presidents often publicly or privately threaten Congress with a veto in order to influence the content of a bill or prevent its passage. Increasingly, the â€Å"veto threat† has become a common tool of presidential politics and is often effective in shaping U.S. policy. Presidents also use the veto threat in order to prevent Congress from wasting time crafting and debating bills they intend to veto under any circumstances.

World religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

World religion - Essay Example Since there are many versions of the holy text, there are various underpinning of the concept of Karma in Hinduism. The common grounds on which the concept of Karma is accepted and practiced in Hinduism are the life hereafter. It is stated that the life after death depend upon the deeds of a person. The role or the body that the person will enliven would depend on the actions that include animal, bird or human etc. In order to successfully obtain a peaceful second life, one needs to go through the process of Moksha. The process of karma is also known as process of samsara in Hindu religion (Plate). Karma is considerably a physical substance in the religion of Jainism. It is stated that the deeds and words that are uttered by humans make them live the life they are living. It is important to utter good words so that the substance of karma remains alive and is not affected. The present life of an individual is basically dependent upon the life they spent before. The presence of karma, being a physical substance, is present in the universe around us. The substance is carried from one life to another is by the soul that is also known as Jiva. There is an avid possibility of expiry of the particles if the individuals intend to cause any damage to others. It is considered that the followers of Jainism try to get away with the cycle of re-birth for which they try to take care of their karma or particles of karma that would tag along their soles in the next life as well. The definition of physical particles has been remarked over and over in the religion of Jainism. The concept of kar ma remains strict and firm unlike Hinduism. The concept of karma remains similar in Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism. It is state by the followers of Buddhism that the impact of the deeds in the present life directly impacts the next life. The present time is also a product of the previous lives. For

Six Sigma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Six Sigma - Essay Example s is that it helps them grow into effective and informed managers capable of understanding the business from the perspective of cost, quality and delivery. It also helps the employees to perceive the role of improvement from a practical point of view (SNEE & HOERL 2003: 4). As reported by General Electric company which is the most-valued company listed in the numerous United State stock exchanges and it provides different lines of products, the use of six sigma had the following impacts (BREYFOGLE, CUPELLO & MEADOWS 2001: 32): 3. In the trailer leasing business there was a 62% reduction on time spent at the repair workshops that lead to massive productivity achievement for their customers and in their company it is three times faster than the competitors because of the application of six sigma. 4. In the plastic business there was an additional 300 million pounds of new capacity and the company saved 400 million pounds on investment and was projecting to save the same amount by the year 2000 (BREYFOGLE et al., 2001:33). The fact that General Electric Company made huge profits through employing the six sigma does not mean that any company can employ it without precaution because it is not a fast get rich plan. It is a very complex, but it is an initiative with a possibility of rewarding very well. Employing traditional six sigma methodologies has propelled projects into the system that may not have any value to the whole organization (BREYFOGLE 2003:6). Traditionally, six sigma was used by manufacturing companies but presently it is being used by other corporations so it may be viewed that it will disappear with time. Putting into consideration that the other quality improvement programs do not achieve the expected results in financial savings, it is imperative for companies to integrate the six sigma which is flexible and vigorous (AKPOLAT 2004: 4). The six sigma tools that a company should focus on are: voice of technology evaluations, benchmarking,

Manifest Destiny Essay Example for Free

Manifest Destiny Essay Manifest Destiny is defined as a belief that it was Gods will that Americans spread over the entire continent, and to control and populate the country as they see fit. Many expansionists conceived God as having the power to sustain and guide human destiny. It was white mans heavy burden to conquer and Christianize the heathen and savage land. While the positive side of Manifest Destiny was a surge of enthusiasm and energy from the white settlers for pushing West, the negative side was the belief that the white man had the right to destroy anything and anyone namely Indians who got in the way. Tracing the path of Manifest Destiny across the West would highlight mass destruction of tribal organizations, confinement of Indians to reservations, and full blown genocide. The dark side of Manifest Destiny revealed the white mans belief that his settlement of the land and civilization of its native peoples was preordained. While the whites were occupying the land, they decimated the Indian population, causing many tribes to flee their relentless onward push, or try to compromise with treaties and agreements. One such tribe to fall victim to the white encroachment upon their territory was the Nez Perce of North Western Oregon. The Nez Perce agreed to an 1855 treaty that guaranteed the tribe most of their traditional homeland in the Wallowa Valley of northeast Oregon to try to accommodate the white people who were beginning to invade their lands. Unfortunately, gold was soon discovered upon the Nez Perce land and the settlers wanted a larger portion of that land. The resulting 1863 treaty was agreed to by some tribal chiefs, but not all. Those who refused to sign were given an ultimatum in 1877, and rather than risk war, the non-treaty Nez Perce chiefsJoseph, Looking Glass, White Bird, Toohoolhoolzote, Bald Headdecided to move their people onto the smaller remaining section of the reservation, towards Fo rt Lapwai. Look more:  manifest destiny essay There were nearly 800 of the Nez Percemen, women and childrenand a herd of about 2,000 Appaloosa horses on the trek. On the way to Lapwai, things fell apart. A few young warriors were goaded into taking revenge on several whites who had killed tribal members in the past, and the U.S. Army retaliated by attacking the Nez Perce at White Bird Canyon, Idaho. Giving up the attempt to move to the reservation, the Nez Perce chiefs resolved to  flee to the east and seek out their Crow allies in Montana. When the Crow tribes showed them no friendship and tried to steal their horses, the Nez Perce set off for Canada. They almost made it, but the U.S. Army caught up with them and defeated them 45 miles shy of the border. Although the Nez Perce were one of the welcoming tribes that met Lewis and Clark, their kind efforts led to revenge, misunderstanding, deceit, greed and death. Another tribe which was victimized by the United States were the Cupeà ±os. The Cupeà ±os were a small tribe, one of the smallest Native American tribes in Southern California. It was unlikely that they ever numbered more than 1,000 at a time. They once occupied a territory approximately 10 square miles in diameter in a region of the San Luis Rey River in the valley of San Jose de Valle. Before 1810, the Cupans had very little contact with outsiders Spanish or otherwise. They had lived on their land for countless generations, their land including the medicinal hot springs and the village called Cupa. Unfortunately for the Cupenos, the pioneers who trekked West through the southern route, took a trail which trespassed upon their territory. To add insult to injury, American officials in San Diego concluded that a reasonable source of revenue would be taxation upon the Indians of the back country. The Cupans were assessed a $600 tax that with great resentment was finally paid by the villagers. By the late 1800s the hot sulfur springs found on the Cupa territories were becoming very popular and attracting visitors from Los Angeles and San Diego. The popularity of the destination and the growing California population began the events which ultimately led to the expulsion of the Cupans from their homeland. Four years after California became a state, a land survey commission was formed, and cattleman Juan Jose Warner claimed 47,500 acres of what is now Warner Springs. Warner Springs makes up the majority of the Cupan homeland. The property was later purchased by former California Governor John Downey in 1880. Downey then filed a lawsuit later pursued by his heirs after  his death claiming title to the land and demanding eviction of the Cupenos from the property. The Cupas argued before the courts that Mexican law, as well as the peace treaty that ended the war between Mexico and the United States, ensured Indian rights and precluded the hostile takeover of their land. They argued to no avail. The California courts agreed with Downey and in 1901 the United States Supreme Court affirmed the judgment ordering removal of the Indians. President Rutherford Hayes, prompted by the Supreme Court holding, declared the Indians trespassers and ordered the tribe relocated to Pala, California, just beyond the Palomar Mountains where a 10,000-acre reservation had been established. Pala was a Luiseno reservation then, not Cupa. This act marked the first time in U.S. history that two distinct Indian tribes were herded together in one reservation. This was a blemish upon a nation that prided itself on leading the world into the 20th Century and the cultural and political renaissance that accompanied such a transition.

Governance in the CNMI Essay -- Unicameral, Bicameral, legislature, Uni

Is the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) better yet with a Unicameral Legislature or with the current Bicameral Legislature? According to Wikipedia, the Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Legislature is defined as the territorial legislature of the United States of America (Wikipedia). The legislative branch of the Marianas is bicameral. It consist of twenty members in the lower House of Representatives, and an upper house Senate with nine members. The Representatives serve two-year terms, and the Senators serve four-year terms, both without term limits. Both houses of the legislature convene and conduct their meetings on the Island of Saipan, the capital island of the Northern Mariana Islands. The House seats are elected in seven districts. Two districts have one seat each, one for Tinian & Aguiguan, and one for Rota. The remaining five districts elect multiple members, two with three members and two with six members which are all located in Saipan. According to the Mariana Islands Constitution, the requirements for House of Representative are a minimum age of 21, must be a residence of the Commonwealth for at least three consecutive years, and a registered voter in the district you represented. Reapportionment occurs every ten years following the census. Together with the Senate, the Constitution permits the Legislature to enact a higher residence requirement (CNMI Government laws). The Senate seats are divided into three districts containing three seats each from Saipan, Tinian, and Rota. The Senate seats are divided into two classes that are similar to the classes of the United States Senate. One class consisting of a single Senator from each district, and the second class consisting of two Senators from... ... Mariana Islands, 1998- 2013. Web. Retrieved from http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/northern_mariana_islands.htm Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Country Brief. Home page. Bilateral, Sept. 2013. Web. Retrieved from http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/cnmi/ Farrell, Don. â€Å"Tinian: A Brief History.† Tinian. (Original work published 2012) Northern Marianas Commonwealth. Home page. Legislature, 2006. Web. Retrieved from http://www.cnmiago.gov.mp/government.html Covenant of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Home page. Web. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands Covenant. Law revision commission, 2013. Home Page. Web. Retrieved from http://cnmilaw.org/cnmicovenant.html Farrell, Don. Personal Interview. 26 Nov. 2013 Cruz, Peter. Personal Interview. 29 Nov. 2013

Principles of Economics Essay

Italy is one of industrial countries in the world in European. According to Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (28 May 2009), Italy has two sections of economy; one is developed industrial north and less-developed with high unemployment in south. In 2008, the unemployment rate in Italy was estimated with 6. 8%, especially in agriculture. In the current financial crisis, many companies get stuck in financial difficulties so that they could not provide work and pay enough salary for employees. It leads to employees dismissal and workers become unemployment. In some other cases, people lose their jobs by their skills are not enough with work requirement and by many unpredictable reasons, namely natural calamity, earthquake, tsunami. Unemployment is one of the most popular problems in many countries all over the world. High unemployment rate makes bad influences on not only national economy but also living condition of citizens. People are willing to work but they can not find any job. They would have to reduce their demands so that productivity of firms also decreases. Unemployment also affects to some other factors such as health, education, insurance, etc. In many countries, the Government tries to control unemployment rate effectively. Because of unemployment situation, the Government has to spend more money on investing and purchasing goods and services made by firms to increase productivity in a short time. This section called Government expenditure or Government spending. The more the Government spends on firms, the better the company could be. Moreover, the Government also has to spend a huge amount of money on building schools, hospitals and improving traffic system per year. Especially, the Government would be in charge when there is any problem that influences civil living, such as poverty, communicative diseases, natural disasters and other social welfares for orphan children and old people. SUMMARY OF THE ARTICLE: An earthquake in Italy. â€Å"Death in the mountains† The article is all about an earthquake happened in L’Aquila, Italy recently which caused at least 250 cases death; over 1,000 injured, a loss of 39 habitants of Onna single village and 13,000 buildings damaged, (included the historic and artistic monuments). Besides, there is 17,000 people became homeless and the number of those who are unable to return to their homes until having been inspected is perhaps as many as 70,000. These numbers show that Italy in general and its economy in particular is facing a big trouble. How does Italy deal with this? Mr Silvio Berlusconi, the Minister of Economy and Finance of Italy firstly announced a dispatch of 14,500 tents for the homeless after touring to the area and those people are being cared for by the government. He also decided to decline offers of foreign help despite the magnitude of the damage is daunting and the public debt is exceeding the annual GDP of Italy. Besides, he intended to tap European Union funds as well as spending some cash for the construction project as a response to the economic crisis. UNEMPLOYMENT: Unemployment is simply known as people who are at the work age but currently jobless, those who are able and willing to work but cannot find a job or those who quit their job or being fired for some reasons. High unemployment makes bad affect not only for the living condition of people but also for the national economy. There are two types of unemployment: †¢ Disequilibrium unemployment is which happens when the average real wage rate is higher than the point that equates the aggregate demand and the supply of labour. †¢ Equilibrium unemployment is which happens when there are people unable or unwilling to find jobs. Applying to Italy economy, according to Italica news, the unemployment rate in Italy is quite high, 7. 1 percent in quarter 4 of 2008. And as mentioned above, the recently earthquake brings Italy a big trouble that it killed people, destroyed their homes, work places, and thus, people suddenly become homeless, jobless. This not only affects to the living of people but also leads the economy of Italy into deep recession. Unemployment occurs. Italy case of unemployment is type of disequilibrium unemployment: the earthquake destroyed the work places, people obviously lose jobs, besides, when the buildings collapsed or are damaged, firms have to spend money on rebuild and repair things, thus there will be a cut back on production and on the number of labour (demand-deficient) and as a result, the number of unemployment goes high (supply is higher than demand), there is surplus of labour in Italy. Secondly, this case can also be considered as frictional unemployment (a type of equilibrium unemployment) because people are not voluntarily leave their jobs but they are made redundant and losing their work places. In addition, using the circular flow of income will help explain better how the earthquake affects the economy of Italy. When people become unemployment, they will tend to cut back their consumption (domestic consumption goods and service decreases), start saving, thus, the firms lower their productivity (national income decreases, net saving increase). The Government will decreases taxes (net taxes decrease), in contract, to rebuild things, the investment and government expenditure will increase. The export expenditure and import expenditure will decrease because earthquake affects a lot on the tourism of Italy as it destroyed many ancient structures of Italy and make this place a mess. (Y) (C) (I) (G) (X) (S) (T) (M) SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES ON ITALY’S ECONOMY 1. Short-term effects †¢ Demand Curve P Supply curve shift P1 Equilibrium P2 New Equilibrium New demand curve Demand curve Q2 Q1 Q Actually, because of strongly earthquake destruction, citizens’ lives are affected. They live essentially base on grants and money that draw from the bank. The demand will decrease and curve shift to the left side so that make a new lower equilibrium. In this difficulty, the company cannot prevent the business because people don’t want to spend money. This change will make a worse effect to economic that still got lots of problem. †¢ Circular Flow of Income Corruption (I) (G) (X) (Y) (C) (S) (T) (M) Transfer Payments Corruption Properly, the earthquake effected directly and strongly to economy of Abruzzo region as well as GDP of Italy in 2009. Apply to the circular flow of income: Firstly, people lost their houses and properties so that the consumption of goods and services will decrease; after that the national income also decreases because firms were collapsed by the earthquake destruction and the demand is lower. Firms would produce less bring the price to higher. Secondly, the saving will decrease at the accidental region because people do not have so much money and increase in another places because the price is higher, people frequently save money. Due to the falling of demand, banks and investors will keep money, spend less into the investment. Thirdly, government expenditure must to spend a huge amount for rebuilding the infrastructure, namely public transportation, pipelines, and electricity. Moreover, the transfer payment is spent on unemployment, finding death and survivors under the ruins, relieving homeless people, providing drinks, food and medical treatments. After the earthquake, the firms fell down; many jobs lost; L’Aquila is the old city with famous architecture, the tourism is heavily affected so the taxation will decrease. Moreover, the corruption happened that make the circular flow of income become smaller and smaller and could be broken. To sum up, the circular of income is directly affected by earthquakes as well as natural disasters. The solution for that problem still has many barriers; Italy government and President Berlusconi must work totally hard. 2. Long-term effects. Earthquake directly affected certain macroeconomics variables include natural resources, physical capital, human capital and technology. Mostly, the negative impacts will be set on the short time, but positive influences also are classified permanently. First, the natural resources is destroyed that make bad impacts the economic depend on tourism like L’Aquila shortly, but in the long-term, it contribute new landscapes naturally in attracting people to come. Second, the physical capitals are collapsed and governments, investors will put money to build new ones fast and strongly replace the old. For example, President and parliament plan to build â€Å"British-style† new town in L’Aquila, make it more modern and ready to develop. The infrastructures will give people the jobs in building and fixing. It affects on human capital who are unemployment and poverty because of the disaster. Last, government will spend more to extend the forecast systems, make it become more accurate and faster in noticing the earthquakes. Definitely, negative or positive effects depend mostly on circumstances. With the high rank of corruptions, public debts and the downturn of national economy; Italy will make lots of efforts on turn round the development and increase % GDP. CORRUPTION: Corruption is a fact of life around the world, appears in all countries with low, medium or even high-income economy. Corruption leads to inequality, wasted resources and wasted public money. Corruption emerges one of the most serious problems within Italian economy besides high rate of unemployment and public debt, and it is related intimately with criminal organization known as mafia. There are some different types of corruption such as bribery, blackmail, tax evasion, official misconduct, etc. (Independent Commission Against Corruption. ) but within this work and the given case study we just mention corruption in Italian public works. Transparency International’s 2008 Bribe Payers’ Index found that public works/construction was the sector most vulnerable to corruption in emerging economies worldwide. It is really difficult to measure exactly the level of corruption in a specific country since the amount of money involved is not reported. All data used to estimate corruption in this work is based on the figure provided by Transparency International (TI), the global civil society organisation bills itself as a leader in fighting against corruption. TI uses CPI (Corruption Perception Index ) rank countries in terms of the degree to which corruption is perceived to exist among public officials and politicians. The CPI draws on different polls and surveys from more than ten independent institutions, for example, World Bank/European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, World Markets Research Centre, International Institute for Management Development and so on. Those surveys are also carried out among businesspeople and country analysts, including surveys of residents of countries. It is not the most accurate tool to measure corruption in any specific country but it is quite reliable. After the terrible earthquake on April 6, 2009, according to Interior Minister Roberto Maroni, Italy needs at least 12 billion euros to rebuild Abruzzo (News Source  © 2009 Reuters). However, with the quite high score in the 2008 CPI (4. 8 ), the government of Italy has to be cautious and consider carefully when pouring money into reconstructing Abruzzo unless they want to make another scandal Campania 1980, when some money was diverted to the Camorra, one of 3 biggest mafia organizations in Italy. When corruption exists, the money from transfer payment in circular flow of income will run out instead of injecting fully to households. The higher level of corruption is, the more money runs out that circular, causes the lesser supply of money in the whole economy and the government has to spend more money that would raise the public debt. If there is a corruption in the above project of Italy, the government will face the increase in public debt which exceeded Italy’s annual GDP already. And if the Italian Treasury were unable to find buyers for Italian sovereign bonds, Italy could default.

Nordstrom Rewards Its Customers Essay

Nordstrom is a great place to go shopping and receive rewards while spending money. Nordstrom shoppers automatically become members of Nordstrom’s Fashion Rewards program when they people sign up for the store’s credit. When each person accumulates 2,000 points, then they receive a $20 Nordstrom Note, a gift certificate redeemable for Nordstrom merchandise or services. In the book one of the questions is â€Å"what are the design characteristics of an effective loyalty program.† The structure of their loyalty program and how they use the data collected through the program to make informed product, marketing and customer experience decisions are key to its success. The store’s frequent customers will be able to get perks like custom shopping parties and tickets to in-store fashion shows after shelling out just half as much as they used to spend to qualify for rewards. Loyalty marketing is and should always be much bigger than points, thresholds or incentives. It is about changing and influencing behavior in a proactive manner that creates long-term brand advocates who, in turn, enter into a dialogue with the brand. Nordstrom’s program is effective for a number of key reasons. First, even the lower levels of Nordstrom’s loyalty program are engaging because they offer meaningful soft benefits and because it’s aspirational, members remain engaged; they aspire to be at the higher tiers in the program so they can get the bigger rewards. Another question asks is the Nordstrom program worth what it spends to reward customers. I think it does because when you reward your customers then they would want to come into the store and buy their supplies to build up their points. When they do that then they get awards. Example would be I have a credit card and I receive points, the more I spend then the more money I get off from that store. I use my card all the time and I go and pay it off. I would get a credit card from any store I shop at if they reward me to use it.

Effectiveness Of The Early Intervention Approach Social Work Essay Essays

Effectiveness Of The Early Intervention Approach Social Work Essay Essays Effectiveness Of The Early Intervention Approach Social Work Essay Essay Effectiveness Of The Early Intervention Approach Social Work Essay Essay a charity which aims to supply practical, emotional and educational support to vulnerable inner-city kids and immature people ( Kids Company Website, 2008 ) . This statement seems really similar to the one Sure Start uses. Kids Company s methods of early intercession, nevertheless, differ significantly from those of Certain Start. Kids Company s effectivity lies in its proviso of advanced, flexible and child-centred services. Kids Company provides targeted curative and societal work intercessions, and cosmopolitan category and group entree to the humanistic disciplines. ( Gaskell, 2008, p4 ) Personal relationships with people they are making. Self-referal. Accessibility is an of import factor for intercession strategies. If parents or kids do non entree intercession ( whether it be through pick or deficiency of cognition ) The premise is that behind every kid is a responsible grownup, who will voyage the way to services ( Camilla Batmanghelidjh, 2006, p15 ) . Sadly, the truth for many kids who would profit most from intercession services is that their chief carers are non willing or can non be bothered ( uninterested? ) to let their kid to go to ( Batmanghelidjh, 2006 ) . Motivations behind intercession strategies Politicss Children s public assistance? Money The purpose for the Certain Start enterprise was that it should be based on the best grounds of what works ( Glass, 2001, p14 ) . Lack of financess can intend that some kids get overlooked by local governments and societal services. In her book, Camilla Batmanghelidjh ( 2006 ) describes coming into contact with kids who were enduring from deficiency of nutrient and disregard, mentioning these kids to societal services, but detecting that they were non eligible for aid due to miss of resources and excessively many instances of sexual and physical maltreatment. Many kids drop out of the instruction system and are neer pursued by the system because the behavioral and emotional troubles of the kids are excessively much of a load to school staff ( Batmanghelidjh, 2006 ) . Many interrelated factors place kids at hazard of following behavior that could be seen as a societal issue. Many kids who already pattern such behavior are likely to hold been conditioned by their household s socio-economic fortunes. Socially unacceptable behaviors can take to societal exclusion, which can, in bend, consequence in the following coevals s societal exclusion ( Clarke, 2007 ) . Children s attitudes, accomplishments and behaviors are shown to be linked to the environment in which they grow up in. The largest influence is shown to be that of the household ( Parton, 2007 ) . Talk about EPPE. The key, when looking at covering with societal issues, lies in undertaking the implicit in factors. This could be by the agencies of supplying services and/or resources. These factors include poorness, hapless nutrition, emotional disregard and underachievement. There is an overall apprehension that these factors can non be isolated from one another ( happen grounds ) . Intervention is a term that suggests that an outside beginning will come in to step in with whatever is traveling on and vanish once more one time excessively issue is fixed or eradicated. Analyzing effectivity ( research ) Measuring larger scale early intercession programmes Early Effectss of CTC ( Hawkins et Al, 2008 ) Reports positive effects, but the consequences are quantitative looking at if the kids have taken drugs or shown marks of delinquent behavior. Not looking at the kids s positions of how the undertaking may hold changed their lives issues such as being listened to, valued and experiencing portion of the community. if services can non stipulate what changes they expect to see for `successful users, judges surely can non mensurate them, allow entirely go through opinion on whether the service has proved effectual. ( Ghate, 2001, p25 ) Strengths of early intercession attacks imply that these are the grounds for sensed effectivity. Contrary to the strengths of early intercession undertakings, their failings reveal the infinite for betterment within the services. The New Labour authorities has introduced several intercessions that aim to profit households. Much research would back up the thought that early intercession strategies such as Certain Start have a positive benefit on kids s wellbeing ( ) , but how far can research reflect the true image of what is go oning to under-privileged kids in this state? This force per unit area to mensurate a scene s effectivity can take away from the sum of clip practicians can pass with the kids: Time and energy is, hence, progressively sapped from those supplying services to make full in signifiers for external intents, instead than back uping kids. ( Lewis and Utting, 2001, p4 ) . Ironically, this could negatively impact the effectiveness of the intercession. Accessibility- If many people are accessing services, so the likeliness of them holding an impact is increased. Alternatively, if there are non adequate staff members to run into the demands of the attendants, so the likeliness of effectivity is necessarily decreased. Before an educational result at that place needs to be an emotional 1 ( Batmanghelidjh, 2006, p23 ) . Successful results or effectivity of an intercession service are non immediately noticeable. It may take old ages for disturbed kids to prosecute in behavior they were antecedently unable to. Their results are personal, and their successes are frequently single and emotional first, before they become seeable in the universe of academe and work. ( Batmanghelidjh, 2006, p 22 ) The job with showing results in the manner that they are being demanded is that clinicians try and exclude kids from their services who are likely non to supply positive results. p.23 This is non through inhuman treatment, though, but because the clinician relies on the money they earn for making their occupation effectively . Money is basically the ground why so many kids do non have the services they should. Children are being dehumanised by being treated as statistics that keep grownups in their occupations. So many of our current intercessions with vulnerable kids come from the position of the well-balanced grownup, necessitating to continue our ain sense of safety. ( p 153 ) Short-run enterprises, where the practician enters the kid s state of affairs, offers a quick-fix remedy and so disappears once more, are simply decorative. This sort of intercession offers no existent solution to the issues that disadvantaged kids face. The authorities thrive on statistics that have been distorted to reflect their political end ( happen some ) . The public want statistics to demo them that issues are being resolved. It is to make with how committed people are to seeing alteration. Short-run enterprises are uneffective, due to the fact that people are complex existences. Effective early intercession programmes have recognised the demand to construct relationships with the people behind the issues . Decision Childs who carry out anti-social behavior are sometimes referred to as being delinquent ( Hawkins, 2008 ) . This reflects the medical theoretical account of disablement, that which implies that the mistake lies within the kid and needs to be fixed. The purpose of some early intercession programmes can be to profit broad society instead than the kid. Blair ( 2008 ) radius of a new political enterprise that would place those most at hazard of piquing at birth. This sort of intercession would non be good to the kid. Bing labelled from birth as a possible wrongdoer could bring forth a self-fulfilling prophesy. The most effectual early intercession programmes are those that make a committedness to the kids themselves ; that aim to do them experience valued as members of society and offer them the best chances. Many of the early intercession programmes explored, such as Communities That Care ( CTC ) dressed ore on impressions of conveying the community together and constructing societal capital from within the community. We can non anticipate kids to move as responsible members of the community unless they are treated as such. Not merely garnering their positions but affecting them, affecting them in planning and development of programmes as will see changeless unfavorable judgment from the kids is nothing really happens Disenchantment The delinquent kid ( Hawkins, 2008 ) Looking at how the kid is framed within early intercession programmes. Is it to do them experience valued, of import and give them the best chances? Or is it to screen them out for the interest of wider society? Government enterprises: Identifying those at hazard of piquing at birth ( Blair, 2008 ) . Fits with authoritiess crack-down on anti-social behavior and ASBO s. More positive: Certain Start, rearing programmes. Want to forestall the jobs before they start, but such attacks label the kid before they have even offended. This is likely to estrange them farther from society. Not helpful! Distribution of power Counterterrorist center Programme is consistently applied from the exterior Community driven and the community identifies jobs they believe need turn toing But, research by ( Brown et al 2007 ) into the Community Youth Development Study: Leaderships were those who already held leading places i.e. city managers, metropolis directors, constabularies heads, school overseers. These were the people who were interviewed, aboard five referred leaders No attempt to interrupt down power relationships. Study itself is non representative. We do non hear the positions of different community members. Older respondents and those from jurisprudence enforcement were more likely to describe higher baseline degrees of coaction than younger respondents or those from other community sectors ( Brown et al 2007 ) . So once more condemnable justness system taking the lead. Ultimately, people giving their clip and fundss can make such impressive things for the demand of their communities . And I think that s what our universe is urgently in demand of lovers, people who are constructing deep, echt relationships with fellow strugglers along the manner, and who really know the faces of the people behind the issues they are concerned about. Shane Claiborne ( The Irresistible Revolution, 2006 ) Specify what can be meant by societal issues in this essay. What does it intend to deal with societal issues? What is effectiveness? How can we mensurate such a relative/ idiosyncratic thing? What types of early intercession are at that place? Government plans Surestart Voluntary sector- charity work/ people taking to populate in deprived community to assist alter for the better. Education? Therapists? Health? New hampshire, accoucheuses, wellness visitants etc. What grounds are at that place to believe that these methods work? CTC informations ( big ordinal number of sentiment studies do these to the full reflect true image? ) Case surveies? Government surveies ( genuinely dependable? Short term? Who are they financed by and for what aim? ) What alternate attacks are at that place to early intercession? ! ( What are we comparing early intercession to to do the premise that it is the most effectual attack to cover with societal issues? Other states ( Norway and Sweden ) Are households prosecuting with intercession undertakings? Non-engagement ( Anning and Ball 2008 ) Intervention or demand of resources? ? Arnold et Al ( 2003 ) : Specific demands of communities and the persons themselves within such communities need to be addressed. Great diverseness of demands It is the environment that needs altering non the person. Brown et Al ( 2007 ) CTC organizes the acceptance of a science-based attack to prevention into five phases that correspond to Rogers ( 1995 ) phases of invention diffusion. Each phase is guided by a set of mileposts and benchmarks that are used to supervise CTC execution p181 Diffusion is the procedure through which ( 1 ) an invention ( 2 ) is communicated through certain channels ( 3 ) over clip ( 4 ) among the members of a societal system ( Rogers, 1995 ) . Most persons evaluate an invention, non on the footing of scientific research by experts, but through the subjective ratings of near-peers who have already adopted the invention. Diffusion is basically a societal procedure through which people speaking to people spread an invention.

Breaking Down the College Admissions Process: Your 5-Part Guide

Once you enter the fall semester of your senior year, you will officially be in what is commonly known as college applications â€Å"season†, the time in between when college applications are released and the submission deadlines. Most college applications are released around mid-August, and the submission deadlines range anywhere from November (for early decision applicants) to February. Most deadlines, however, happen around January 1st. Thus, your senior year fall semester is crunch time in terms of writing out your college essays, filling out your applications, and securing recommendation letters from your teachers/counselors. Simply put, it’s a big undertaking. College applications have a lot of different components, and even one application can often make a student feel overwhelmed. To help you organize all the different tasks that you need to complete for college admissions, we’ve arranged a 5-part summary of everything you need to do to be considered at your colleges of choice. Most colleges in the US require you to submit either an SAT or ACT score along with your transcript. The SAT and ACT are college readiness exams, and colleges use your score to compare you to other applicants in an unbiased manner. Luckily, we at have extensively covered the SAT and ACT exams in previous posts. If you’re unsure as to what the SAT and ACT exams are, which one you should take, how you should study for them, and much more, look through some   of our previous blog posts on standardized tests. As a general rule, most colleges will accept both an SAT and ACT score, so you can choose the test that best suits you or gives you the highest score. Just note, however, that if you take the SAT, you may be required to complete additional SAT subject tests to supplement your application. What are SAT subject tests? This post will explain. Ideally, you will have taken the SAT or ACT as many times as necessary to get your goal score before the fall semester of your senior year comes around. However, if that is not the case, you can usually take the SAT or ACT until November or December of your senior year so that you’ll get your score back in time for your college applications. Many colleges allow you to submit your test scores a few weeks/months after the application deadline in order to give you that time buffer. Before you start your college applications, you need to decide which colleges you are applying to and narrow down your college list. The best way to decide whether a college seems right for you is to go to the college and do a campus visit. You can take an admissions tour, walk around the campus itself, and even sit in on a lecture to see what a real college class is like! We at are experts on how to make the most out of a campus visit. If you’re looking for some help when planning your college visits, check out these previous blog posts: The reason why campus visits have their own section in the college admissions process is that they’re one of the best ways to help you narrow down your college list. By visiting a college, you’ll be more secure in your decision to apply or not. These decisions will help narrow down your college list. Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. Your college essays are a huge part of your college application. Colleges read your essays to get a better idea of who you are as both an applicant and a student. The way you write and the things you write about are huge clues as to whether you would fit in at a particular university. Most colleges require anywhere from 2-4 application essays, and each one needs to be intriguing, intellectual, have perfect grammar and punctuation, and stand out from the thousands of other application essays that the college admissions officers are sure to be reading. That’s a tall order. Most students spend months working on their college application essays, and they go through multiple drafts. If you ever need help crafting or editing your college essays, offers a quick and expert College Essay Editing service to help you make your college essays stand out. To learn more, click here . Surprisingly, filling out the actual college application is one of the easiest parts of this whole process. It’s simply a matter of filling out multiple forms about your academic and extracurricular profile. While that may seem tedious, it is definitely not challenging. Before you start filling out your college applications, make sure that you have gathered all of your academic and extracurricular information. This includes your grades, courses taken, and standardized test scores. You should also have some detailed descriptions about each of your extracurricular activities written out–what they were, what leadership positions you held, and what you accomplished in the club or organization. If you have any work experience or community service experience, you should have a similar description prepared for those as well. Many colleges use the Common App, a college applications platform that standardizes the college application. If the university you’re applying to uses the Common App, you only have to input all of your information once, and multiple colleges will receive it. However, many colleges do not use the Common App, including most Texas state schools and UC colleges. You will need to re-input your information into their application portal. Almost all college application are done online now through application portals, which means that you’re going to have a lot of logins, usernames, and passwords to keep track of. Make sure that you keep a list of all of your logins and application IDs so that you are able to re-login to each application portal and review the status of your application whenever you need to. Nothing is worse than losing your password on decision release day and being unable to see whether you got into a college!   Ã‚   Once you’ve applied to colleges or have your applications well underway, it’s time to start thinking about how you’re going to pay for college. There are multiple scholarships and financial aid applications that you can fill out based on your financial circumstances and other qualifications. However, the one financial aid application that every US resident can fill out is the FAFSA. FAFSA stands for the Free Application for Federal Student Aid. It is a government-run program that offers students the opportunity to receive loans and grants to fund their college education. For some more detailed and personalized information about how you can get money through FAFSA, check out our previous blog posts: This is just an overview of the main steps you’ll need to take to complete your college applications. In reality, each step requires weeks, maybe months of studying and work. Thus, you need to make sure you start planning for your college applications well before the fall semester of your senior year, and make sure you give yourself months to work on your applications. Need more help navigating the college admissions process? Check out these previous blog posts: Feeling like you need help in navigating the college application process? Check out our   College Application Guidance Program . When you sign up for our program, we carefully   pair you with the perfect college admissions specialist based on your current academic and extracurricular profile and the schools in which you’re interested. Your personal specialist will help you with college applications and provide you with support and guidance in all other aspects of the admissions process.

Zero Hour Contracts in the Hospitality Industry Essay

Zero Hour Contracts in the Hospitality Industry - Essay Example Observably, this sort of contract is argued to possess both negatives and positives influencing the commitment levels of both the employer and the employee and hence, affecting organisational efficiency at large. However, such contract accompanies with aspects including lack of job and financial security for the employees and lack of availability of skilled and loyal staff for the company. With due considerations to all these aspects, certain recommendations have been made to Hyatt Regency London when applying the policy of zero-hour contract. The Policy Background The policy depicted in this briefing is based on the concept of ‘Zero-Hour’ Contracts. As the name itself suggests, ‘Zero-Hour’ Contracts is a type of employment contract that is usually used in the UK in compliance with the Employment Rights Act of 1996 of the country. Basically, this contract is drawn in a written format, where it contains a statement regarding the terms and conditions of employ ment built amid an employer and an employee. Under such contracts, an employer does not guarantee an employee to provide work and pays for the work that is actually being done. In precise, the contract provides right to the employers that enables them to take a call on staffs when they are not needed and does not pay them for that duration, which further makes the entire process a time-efficient one. It has recently been one of the major issues and a component of extensive debate worldwide. It can be considered as a rising issue in various sectors of business including the hospitality industry owing to the fact that it regarded as an approach, which employers find attractive as it is quite a cost saving measure. In the hospitality sector, companies are therefore observed to be recruiting staff members on the basis of ‘Zero-Hour’ Contracts. However, it is deemed that the aspect of ‘Zero-Hour ’ Contracts is not quite a profitable prospect for the employees as it is for the employers in the UK hotel industry, as they are only entitled for salary nominal payment for the period they actually worked for the business with no financial security. Moreover, the concept of ‘Zero-Hour ’ Contracts is also seem to be violating some of the key employment rights that further make it a serious issue altogether (Grice, 2013; ACAS, 2012). Since, the concept has certain major advantages and loopholes at the same time; its extensive implementation has become quite uncertain and a major point of discussion, which further presents it as a major issue in the modern day context. As addressed above, the policy of ‘Zero-Hour’ Contracts has major impacts on both the employer and the employees as the major stakeholders of the policy issue. Owing to this contract, employers are entitled to be benefited with greater flexibility to meet the demands of the customers. It also reduces cost of the company as very little has to be spent on emplo yee recruitment and training. Furthermore, as per the contract, employees will be able to get flexible hours to maintain a better work-life balance. These aspects encourage many to support the concept. While the opposers to the policy issue argue upon certain facts including violations of employment rights and salary payment approach under such contracts (Grice, 2013; ACAS, 2012; Barnett & Scrope, 2008). Assessment of the Debate to Date The concept of Zero-Hour ’ Contracts has become an importance topic of debate all over the world, especially in the hospitality

Thesis driven paper on an aspect of the vietnam war Essay

Thesis driven paper on an aspect of the vietnam war - Essay Example The victims, soldiers, commanders, and political leaders who were directly involved obviously have their say. In the same way those who were at the opposite end of the spectrum- the dissenters, the war protestors, draft dodgers as well as the super-patriots - do have their own readings on the war and its outcomes. There are many who really believe that United States’ intervention in to the war was quite unnecessary and that the incompetent foreign policy of the US has adversely affected the lives of many ordinary Vietnamese, caused them poverty, misery, and anguish. The U.S did have its own political motives and ideological stand- that of preservation of human rights, liberty, democracy and the spread of capitalism. Thus, in a wider perspective the Vietnam War can be read as the battle of ideas – communism of North Vietnamese supported by the Soviet Union and its allies versus the capitalism of South Vietnamese supported by the U.S and its allies. The essay attempts to make a probe not so as to who won this battle of ideas –whether the triumphant North communist or the well-thought Americans who finally retreated from the battlefield; rather it focuses on who lost the battle with a special reference to the foreign policies of America during the various stages of the war- the reaction of American citizens in particular to the whole issue, how the international community viewed the foreign policy of America in the Vietnam war, how it affected the political atmosphere of the country , and up to what extent the motives of the American Government can be justified. For ages, America’s foreign policy has been one of intervention and domination; it has always tried to assert its supremacy over other nations politically, economically and ideologically. One always tends to seek the ultimate result of such a step and one comes to realize that the great nation has faltered in its treatment of the Vietnam people. Even though, Americas